Strategy

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-	'''Strategy'''	+	== Strategy ==
-	'' The definition by Michel Foucault''	+
		+	The term strategy appears in connection with ideas about practices in space in Michel de Certeaus book [[The Practice of Everyday Life]] (1984). De Certeau compares practices to trajectories (1984, p. 18), movements in space, but wants to avoid to regard those simply as a row of operations in time. He therefore makes a distinction between the concepts strategies and tactics (1984, p. 19)
		+	In his book (1984) Michel de Certeau defines strategies as follows: “I call a strategy the calculus of force-relationships which becomes possible when a subject of will and power can be isolated from an 'environment`”(De Certeau, 1984, p. 19). This implies that a strategy needs a place as a “basis” (ibid.), as an inside to create relations with an outside. De Certeau calls this place the “proper” and stresses that strategic models are a basis to diverse disciplines and can take the form of diverse institutions (enterprises to schools) and stimulate diverse forms of relationships (adversary to clientèles) (ibid.). This is how e.g. “strategic representations are offered to the public” (ibid., p. 23).
		+	The “other” can be distinguished that way as a “visible totality” and space wins over time. Strategies are thus sustained by power which is inherent in the proper (ibid., p. 20). This is not the case for tactics, which are the second kind of trajectories described by Certeau. Yet the “weaker” [[tactic]]s can lead to success against strategies in diverse cases, in a clandestine way (Ibid., p. 14)
-	The term ''strategy'' plays an important role for the play in power relations, by Michel Foucault.
-	Strategy is a game and which Foucault subdivide into three levels.
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-	The first level is to define a certain end, what is the goal of the game.
-	'It is a question of rationality functioning to arrive at an objective'.
-	In the second level the player must think of the actions of the other players in the certain game. What would they do to reach the same goal, which actions will they take. Also important is to think what the other players expect his own actions will be. The player has to anticipate on that to have the advantages over others.
-	The final level is the stage to determine the procedure used in the game or war. The measures that are taken to reach the goal, must overruel the opponent and in the struggle it anticipates the actions of the other players.
-	'Strategy is defined by the choice of winning solutions.' (Dreyfus and Rabinow, 1983)	+	== '''References''' ==
-	The play in power relations can be described in terms of strategies. In the case of power strategy, the goal of the game is to conduct power or to argue the implement of power. Also in terms of power relations is that human can think of their actions based on actions of others.	+	Dreyfus, H.L., Rabinow, P., Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (The University of Chicago Press, 1983)
-	'Every power relation implies a strategy of struggle.'	+
-	The target of the game is a fixing power relation and a strategy of struggle can produce a new power relation. In the case of freedom there are no power relations, because there are nog strategy of struggles. (Dreyfus and Rabinow, 1983)	+
		+	De Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life. London: University of California Press.
-	''Sources''
-	*Dreyfus, H.L., Rabinow, P., ''Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics'' ( The University of Chicago Press, 1983)	+	== '''Contributors''' ==
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		+	Published by Meryl Burger (s0801704) Edited by Gijs Jansen ,
		+	Edited by Janna Volpel (s3015041)[[User:JannaVolpel|JannaVolpel]] 12:35, 7 May 2012 (CEST)

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Latest revision as of 10:35, 7 May 2012

Strategy

The term strategy appears in connection with ideas about practices in space in Michel de Certeaus book The Practice of Everyday Life (1984). De Certeau compares practices to trajectories (1984, p. 18), movements in space, but wants to avoid to regard those simply as a row of operations in time. He therefore makes a distinction between the concepts strategies and tactics (1984, p. 19) In his book (1984) Michel de Certeau defines strategies as follows: “I call a strategy the calculus of force-relationships which becomes possible when a subject of will and power can be isolated from an 'environment`”(De Certeau, 1984, p. 19). This implies that a strategy needs a place as a “basis” (ibid.), as an inside to create relations with an outside. De Certeau calls this place the “proper” and stresses that strategic models are a basis to diverse disciplines and can take the form of diverse institutions (enterprises to schools) and stimulate diverse forms of relationships (adversary to clientèles) (ibid.). This is how e.g. “strategic representations are offered to the public” (ibid., p. 23). The “other” can be distinguished that way as a “visible totality” and space wins over time. Strategies are thus sustained by power which is inherent in the proper (ibid., p. 20). This is not the case for tactics, which are the second kind of trajectories described by Certeau. Yet the “weaker” tactics can lead to success against strategies in diverse cases, in a clandestine way (Ibid., p. 14)

References

Dreyfus, H.L., Rabinow, P., Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (The University of Chicago Press, 1983)

De Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life. London: University of California Press.

Contributors

Published by Meryl Burger (s0801704) Edited by Gijs Jansen , Edited by Janna Volpel (s3015041)JannaVolpel 12:35, 7 May 2012 (CEST)