Deconstruction
From Geography
Deconstruction is one of the Post-structuralist strategies. Deconstruction is best described as a ‘reading practice’ (Gibson-Graham, 2007, p. 97) which is designed by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. Derrida tried to deconstruct the established truths by means of language.
The ‘truth’ was (and is) in Western society often constructed in binary terms (logocentrism): one positive and one negative (Gibson-Graham, 2007, p. 97). This creates a relation of opposition and exclusion between the two terms: we see ourselves as one of those things, which means that we oppose ourselves against the other and exclude the other term from ‘our group’. So those binary terms are a way to position ourselves and our relation to the rest of the world. A few examples:
- man/woman
- mind/body
- reason/emotion
- objectivity/subjectivity
- economy/ society
A thing to notice is that those binary terms are highly gendered (poststructuralist feminists have even renaimed logocentrism “phallogocentrism”) (Gibson-Graham, 2007, p. 98). The first term (the ‘signifier’) could be seen as masculine and dominant. The second term (the ‘signified’) could be seen as feminine and less important as the first term. (More information about the relation between signifier-signified see Saussure).
What Derrida shows is that each of those binary terms are partial instead of universal; one term cannot exist without the other. ‘Derrida’s deconstructive strategy is interested in rethinking difference, outside a binary and hierarchical structure…’ (Gibson-Graham, 2007, p. 98). With his strategy of deconstruction, Derrida also shows that there are undecidables: things that cannot conform to either side of the opposition (Reynolds, 2010). So what he does is calling certain fundaments of Western thought into question (Gibson-Graham, 2007, p. 97), which include:
1. The law of identity and self-presence
2. The law of non-contradiciton that establishes identity in relation to its “other”
3. The law of the excluded middle
There are several ways to deconstruct. You could for instance reverse the terms, which means that the hierarchy of valuation is switched around. You could also ‘blur the boundaries between terms’ (Gibson-Graham, 2007, p. 98), which means that you show in what ways both terms are actually similar.
Example
A geographical example of deconstruction is the European Union. Countries in the European Union used to be very nationalistic. This always makes sure that the one feel better than the other, othering. That is an example of positioning our selves and our relation to the rest of the world. The european union created a different relationship between countries. Countries became more interdependent and see they can not existed without the other. For instance people feel themselve now Dutch and European. They have deconstruct the differences.
References:
Gibson-Graham, J.K. (2007). Poststructural Interventions.
Reynolds, J. (2010). Jacques Derrida (1930-2004). Vinddatum 21 september 2010, op Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: A peer-reviewed academic resource: http://www.iep.utm.edu/derrida/
Contributors
link added by--AafkeBrus 10:59, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
Edited by Lotte den Boogert, 21 october 2012
Edited by Pieter van Luijk 25 October 2012
