Friedrich Nietzsche

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'''Friedrich Nietzsche'''
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[[File:nietzsche.jpg|190px|thumb|right|Friedrich Nietzsche]]
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'''Nietzsche''' was born in Leipzig on October 15th 1844. He was named after King Friedrich William IV. Nietzsche is classified as a German philosopher. Nietzsche's thoughts had a great influence in Europe during the 20th century. His work remains controversial. There is and has been a lot of disagreement about his interpretations. He often gave critiques on Christians. One could say that the philosopical basis of ''anti-humanism'' is routed in Nietzsches thoughts. For Nietzsche, it was not enough to replace God at the centre with the human but, rather, the implications needed to be thought through more fundamentally (Gregory, D. et al., 2009). ''God is dead'' is one of his most famous pronouncements. Also his notions about über and Untermensch has been used by politicians many times after his death (Nietzsche, 2002).
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Assignment 3''
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Nietzsche calls himself an immoralist and had critiques on Christianity, Kantianism and utilitarianism. His desire was to bring a natural source of value in the impulses of life itself. "We own great style of architecture in Asia and Egypt to astrology and its supernatural claims" (Nietzsche, 2002). In all of his works Nietzsche puts the master-slave morality in a central place. In ''Beyond good and evil'' he subscribes the contrast between good and bad, life affirming and life denying: strength, health, power which can be associated with masters and characteristics which attend to bad aspects: weak, sick and pathetic. Those can be associated with slaves (Hayman, 1980).
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Slave-morality, in contrast, comes about as a reaction to master-morality. Nietzsche associates slave-morality with the Jewish and Christian traditions. Here, value emerges from the contrast between good and evil: good being associated with other-worldliness, charity, piety, restraint, meekness, and submission; evil seen as worldly, cruel, selfish, wealthy, and aggressive.
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Nietzsche alternatively philosophizes from the perspective of life located beyond good and evil, and challenges the entrenched moral idea that exploitation, domination, injury to the weak, destruction and appropriation are universally objectionable behaviors. "Above all, he believes that living things aim to discharge their strength and express their “will to power” — a pouring-out of expansive energy as if one were like a perpetually-shining sun that, quite naturally, can entail danger, pain, lies, deception and masks. Here, “will” is not an inner emptiness, lack, feeling of deficiency, or constant drive for satisfaction, but is a fountain of constantly-swelling energy, or power" (Green, 2002).
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Nietzsche was born in Leipzig on October 15th 1844. He was named after king Friedrich William IV. Nietzsche is classified as a German philosopher. His work remains controversial. There is and has been a lot of disagreement about his interpretions. He often gave critiques on Christians. ''God is dead'' is one of is most famous pronouncements. Also his notions about über and Untermensch has been used by politicians many times after his dead (Nietzsche, 2002).
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As he views things from the perspective of life, Nietzsche further denies that there is a universal morality which is applicable to all human beings, some moralities are more suitable for subordinate roles; some are more appropriate for dominating and leading social roles (Nietzsche, 2002). What counts as a preferable and legitimate action depends upon the kind of person one is. The deciding factor is whether one is weaker, sicker and on the decline, or whether one is healthier, more powerful and overflowing with life (Hayman, 1980).
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Nietzsche calls himself an immoralist and had critiques on Christianity, Kantianism and utilitarianism. His desire was to bring a natural source of value in the impulses of life itself. "We own great style of architecture in Asia and Egypt to astrology and its ''supernatural'' claims'' (Nietzsche, 2002). In all of his works Nietzsche puts the master-slave morality in a central place. In Beyond good and evil he subscribes the contrast between good and bad, life afferming and life denying: strength, health, power which can be associated with masters and characteristics which attend to bad aspects: weak, sick and pathetic. Those can be associated with slaves.
 
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Slave-morality, in contrast, comes about as a reaction to master-morality. Nietzsche associates slave-morality with the Jewish and Christian traditions. Here, value emerges from the contrast between good and evil: good being associated with other-worldliness, charity, piety, restraint, meekness, and submission; evil seen as worldly, cruel, selfish, wealthy, and aggressive. Nietzsche sees slave-morality born out of the ressentiment of slaves. It works to overcome the slave's own sense of inferiority before the (better-off) masters. It does so by making out slave weakness to be a matter of choice, by, e.g., relabeling it as "meekness."
 
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Nietzsche sees the slave-morality as a source of the nihilism that has overtaken Europe. In Nietzsche's eyes, modern Europe, and its Christianity, exists in a hypocritical state due to a tension between master and slave morality, both values contradictorily determining, to varying degrees, the values of most Europeans (who are "motley"). Nietzsche calls for exceptional people to no longer be ashamed of their uniqueness in the face of a supposed morality-for-all, which Nietzsche deems to be harmful to the flourishing of exceptional people. However, Nietzsche cautions that morality, per se, is not bad; it is good for the masses, and should be left to them. Exceptional people, on the other hand, should follow their own "inner law." A favorite motto of Nietzsche, taken from Pindar, reads: "Become what you are."
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== References ==
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Green, M. (2002) ''Nietzsche and the Transcendental Tradition.'' Champaign IL: University of Illinois Press.
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Gregory, D., Johnston, R., Pratt, G., Watts, M., & Whatmore, S (2009). The Dictionary of Human Geography. Oxford: Blackwell.
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Hayman,R. (1980) Nietzsche ''a Critical Life.'' New York: Oxford University Press.
Nietzsche, F. (2002) Beyond good and evil. Cambridge: University press.
Nietzsche, F. (2002) Beyond good and evil. Cambridge: University press.
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== Contributions ==
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Published by Bas Boselie (s0813141) and Chriss van Pul (s0801364)
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page enhanced by Fabian Busch (s0816639)
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--[[User:FabianBusch|FabianBusch]] 10:57, 24 October 2011 (CEST)
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Picture added by Doris Roelvink, 25 october 2012
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Caterogized by Robert-Jan Ruifrok -- [[User:RobertJanRuifrok|RobertJanRuifrok]] 15:02, 26 October 2012 (CEST)
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[[Category: Persons]][[Category: Key Thinkers]]

Latest revision as of 13:03, 26 October 2012

Friedrich Nietzsche

Nietzsche was born in Leipzig on October 15th 1844. He was named after King Friedrich William IV. Nietzsche is classified as a German philosopher. Nietzsche's thoughts had a great influence in Europe during the 20th century. His work remains controversial. There is and has been a lot of disagreement about his interpretations. He often gave critiques on Christians. One could say that the philosopical basis of anti-humanism is routed in Nietzsches thoughts. For Nietzsche, it was not enough to replace God at the centre with the human but, rather, the implications needed to be thought through more fundamentally (Gregory, D. et al., 2009). God is dead is one of his most famous pronouncements. Also his notions about über and Untermensch has been used by politicians many times after his death (Nietzsche, 2002).

Nietzsche calls himself an immoralist and had critiques on Christianity, Kantianism and utilitarianism. His desire was to bring a natural source of value in the impulses of life itself. "We own great style of architecture in Asia and Egypt to astrology and its supernatural claims" (Nietzsche, 2002). In all of his works Nietzsche puts the master-slave morality in a central place. In Beyond good and evil he subscribes the contrast between good and bad, life affirming and life denying: strength, health, power which can be associated with masters and characteristics which attend to bad aspects: weak, sick and pathetic. Those can be associated with slaves (Hayman, 1980).

Slave-morality, in contrast, comes about as a reaction to master-morality. Nietzsche associates slave-morality with the Jewish and Christian traditions. Here, value emerges from the contrast between good and evil: good being associated with other-worldliness, charity, piety, restraint, meekness, and submission; evil seen as worldly, cruel, selfish, wealthy, and aggressive. Nietzsche alternatively philosophizes from the perspective of life located beyond good and evil, and challenges the entrenched moral idea that exploitation, domination, injury to the weak, destruction and appropriation are universally objectionable behaviors. "Above all, he believes that living things aim to discharge their strength and express their “will to power” — a pouring-out of expansive energy as if one were like a perpetually-shining sun that, quite naturally, can entail danger, pain, lies, deception and masks. Here, “will” is not an inner emptiness, lack, feeling of deficiency, or constant drive for satisfaction, but is a fountain of constantly-swelling energy, or power" (Green, 2002).

As he views things from the perspective of life, Nietzsche further denies that there is a universal morality which is applicable to all human beings, some moralities are more suitable for subordinate roles; some are more appropriate for dominating and leading social roles (Nietzsche, 2002). What counts as a preferable and legitimate action depends upon the kind of person one is. The deciding factor is whether one is weaker, sicker and on the decline, or whether one is healthier, more powerful and overflowing with life (Hayman, 1980).



References

Green, M. (2002) Nietzsche and the Transcendental Tradition. Champaign IL: University of Illinois Press.

Gregory, D., Johnston, R., Pratt, G., Watts, M., & Whatmore, S (2009). The Dictionary of Human Geography. Oxford: Blackwell.

Hayman,R. (1980) Nietzsche a Critical Life. New York: Oxford University Press.

Nietzsche, F. (2002) Beyond good and evil. Cambridge: University press.


Contributions

Published by Bas Boselie (s0813141) and Chriss van Pul (s0801364)

page enhanced by Fabian Busch (s0816639) --FabianBusch 10:57, 24 October 2011 (CEST)

Picture added by Doris Roelvink, 25 october 2012

Caterogized by Robert-Jan Ruifrok -- RobertJanRuifrok 15:02, 26 October 2012 (CEST)

Retrieved from "http://geography.ruhosting.nl/geography/index.php?title=Friedrich_Nietzsche"
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