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• Niklas Luhmann
  ...hmann rejected Parsons theory and went on to rival it with his own systems theory. ... types of systems in all fields of research. A good example is [[Luhmann's theory of society]]. Niklas Luhmann became also famous as one of the most prominen
  5 KB (745 words) - 10:55, 26 October 2012
• Normative Rationality
  ...t kinds”. The respective type of integration described by Habermas is “social integration” relating to “contexts of mutual understanding” and “di ...d to strengten the claim (think of real life examples, supporting abstract theory)
  5 KB (734 words) - 11:26, 10 October 2012
• Observation (vs. experience)
  ...n (Macionis & Plummer, 2008, p.54). By observation lawlike regularities of social life can be tested. ...owledge of subjects and their habits. The researcher takes a look at their social life in various settings. This is also know as fieldwork. Despite the fact
  5 KB (740 words) - 10:03, 26 October 2012
• Operational closure
  ... (e.g. ranging from illegal to legal) which serve to st a boundary to the system and thus operationally close them. .... An object can be only in the system as its representation created by the system and is then called an [[actant]] (ibid., pp. 44-45).
  4 KB (578 words) - 11:36, 19 September 2012
• Performativity
  ...concept such as [[speech act]] and has been used by a number of well known social scientists such as [[Jacques Derrida]], Felman and Butler. The basic concep Butler is probably the most well known social scientist to have extensively worked with the concept of performativity. Sh
  6 KB (923 words) - 11:06, 25 October 2012
• Pierre Bourdieu
  ... Weber|Weber]] (Lippuner & Werlen, 2009, p.45). He came came up with the [[theory of practice]]. ... appreciates it and acts within the world. People that grow up in the same social setting with form a more or less similar habitus. The habitus is therefor a
  10 KB (1,548 words) - 20:41, 25 October 2012
• Possibility of distinction
  ...eory, highlights the paradoxical and self referential nature of a range of social phenomena [1]. 1 Arnoldi, J. (2001) Niklas Luhmann. An Introduction. In: Theory, Culture & Society. Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 2-3.
  1 KB (219 words) - 11:49, 19 September 2012
• Post-structuralism
  ...uistics. According to the poststructuralists, language does not exist as a system of differences among a single set of signs (Gibson-Graham, 2007, p.96). 'Th ...that. This construction has opened up concepts of economy. Determinants of social life, an important one is globalization, are seen as discourses. They are c
  6 KB (808 words) - 18:51, 25 October 2012
• Regionalisation
  ...em. This notion is developed by [[Anthony Giddens]] in his [[Structuration Theory]]. [[Anthony Giddens]] developed the “modes of regionalization” to deal with social organisations of time and space. He offers a fourfold way of classifiying r
  5 KB (643 words) - 21:37, 24 October 2012
• Self reference
  ...tems, self reference have been given a certain elaboration. Systems in the theory of [[Niklas Luhmann]] creates themselves and exist because they are self-re ... important concept to Luhmann. He considers it as the heart of his systems theory where systems not only produce and reproduce themselves but also refer to t
  3 KB (368 words) - 10:47, 24 October 2012
• Semiotics
  ...munication in social sciences and so for semiotics. It has become a key in social and philosophical writing and is used by many influential thinkers (Purvis, ... larger scale is possible as well. Therefore semiotic actors construct the social world together (Helmhout, Jorna, Gazendam, 2009).
  5 KB (793 words) - 09:52, 24 October 2012
• Sign
  The word sign has various meanings. This section is about language as a system of signs. ... of a sign is determined by the relation to other pairs of elements in the system of signs.
  5 KB (782 words) - 16:30, 24 October 2012
• Structure according to Giddens
  ...ture exists as knowledge about how things are to be done, said or written. Social praxis is based on this knowledge and the actualization of it.”(Lippuner, ...s are a normative structure according to which the procedures of action in social situations are interpreted. According to [[Anthony Giddens|Giddens]] they a
  3 KB (422 words) - 14:54, 25 October 2012
• Structure vs. agency
  ... and to act independently. On the other hand ‘structure’ refers to the social systems that constrain, if not completely determine, the actions of individ ... of society. [[Karl Marx]], a theorist, on the other hand, thinks that the social structure can act to the detriment of the majority of individuals in a soci
  3 KB (445 words) - 14:57, 25 October 2012
• Subsystem
  ... their co-existence makes the bigger picture possible. Each subsystem is a system ''an sich'', but the interaction between two or more of them, makes the sys ...e stable. Both programs and codes sets the possibility of observation of a system.
  3 KB (445 words) - 13:15, 24 October 2012
• System of interaction
  ...ction are two examples. These two systems are much related to eachother. A system of interaction is not a structure in itself, but does have a lot of qualiti ...eraction (speech) is successful. So the process of speaking structures the system of interaction (Olson & Yahia, 2006, p.3).
  2 KB (262 words) - 10:32, 26 October 2012
• Talcott Parsons
  ...universal scheme to understand the unity of social structures. He saw this theory more in a psychological, economic, political, and religious or philosophica ...ublications were developed out of this idea. Parsons also came up with the theory that every member of society fulfills these four functional imperatives, wi
  2 KB (355 words) - 14:06, 23 October 2012
• Actant
  ...society - but rather as two faces of the same phenomenon. He then turns to theory, and lastly, briefly, to the hyphen (Gregory, Johnston, Pratt, Watts & What .../macro- distinction which it asserts as historically problematic in social theory (Gregory et al., 2009).
  3 KB (460 words) - 05:09, 26 October 2012
• Actor network theory
  ...ing agent. The task is to deploy actors as networks of mediations. The ANT theory has proved to be helpful to gain an understanding of the relationships betw ...w attention to features of the world which are normally ignored in classic social science accounts (Gregory et al., 2009, p.6). Other important point that th
  4 KB (648 words) - 11:13, 7 October 2012
• Alfred Schütz
  ...and [[Ethnomethodology]]. His most famous work is [[Phenomenology]] of the Social world (Campbell, 1991). ...He sees it as a basic element. He tries to explain spatial action by using social systems. Husserl had a great influence on the methodology of Schütz. His m
  7 KB (1,029 words) - 13:58, 25 October 2012